new perspectives in emergency mapping

AbstractIn recent years, growing attention is paid to remote sensing when used for disaster management applications. This is essentially due to the large variety of remotely acquired imagery availa..

GEOMATICS FOR EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

La geomatica gioca un ruolo cruciale nel ciclo di Gestione delle emergenze. Le Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) mettono a diposizione dati e servizi  georefernziati a scala globale, mentre l’utilizzo sempre più massiccio di formati interoperabili di dati basati su standard internazionali, rende estremamente più semplice la loro integrazione con dati locali. Sistemi di allerta precoce spesso si basano sulla disponibilità di dati telerilevati, capaci anche di alimentare sistemi di previsione e nowcasting concepiti per disseminare allerte tempestive ed efficaci. Dal punto di vista operativo invece, recenti emergenze (il terremoto di Haiti del 2010, le alluvioni in Pakistan del 2011, lo tsunami in Giappone e il terremoto dell’Emilia del 2012) hanno chiaramente dimostrato l’importante ruolo della geomatica nel supporto alla risposta e alla fase di ricostruzione emergenziale. Il telerilevamento è al giorno d’oggi usato sempre più frequentemente per supportare sia i decisori che il personale impiegato sul campo durante i disastri naturali e come chiaramente sottolineato dalle nazioni Unite nel 2011 “[…] Remote sensing in the hours and days after the Haiti earthquake yielded estimates of numbers of severely affected people that stood the test of time and allowed an unusually rapid flash appeal. [...] Similarly, in Pakistan, the plans in the revised flash appeal were mostly able to encompass the still expanding scale of needs thanks to information management using remote sensing and other resources necessary for a situation of limited ground access.” (United Nations 2011. Section “Major natural disasters in 2010 and lesson learned”).Questo panel intende presentare I più recenti sviluppi nel campo della geomatica, con particolare attenzione alle nuove tecnologie, best practices e progetti di cooperazione rivolti all’assistenza umanitaria

Application of Geomatic techniques in Infomobility and Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)

During last years, we assisted to an increment of mobility demand, implying the need of adequate infrastructure and efficient public transport. The deployment of informative services and Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) assumed a fundamental importance to address mobility demand, strictly correlated to the territory characteristics. At the same time, mature Geomatic technologies, especially related to GPS differential positioning (both in real time and in post processing), mobile mapping systems (MMS), remotely sensed imageries (aerial, satellite and UAV platforms), archiving and management systems (Spatial Data Infrastructure - SDI) will play a crucial role. These applications to infomobility and ITS are described in this paper

a quality comparison between professional and crowdsourced data in emergency mapping for potential cooperation of the services

ABSTRACTA protocol for assessing the quality of digital geospatial data is applied to samples of volunteered geographic information (created by Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team) and professional mappers (Copernicus EMS-rapid mapping). The application on pre-event data shows that a large percentage of them is very similar in terms of quality and is, therefore, potentially interchangeable; post-event data reveal a more divergent behaviour. The results gathered from the comparative analysis and a look at the temporal trends of response of volunteers and professionals justify a framework of interaction of respective activities, which seems to be possible under strong relationship between professionals and volunteers, built upon common operational standards and guidelines

Engineering of an Extreme Rainfall Detection System using Grid Computing

This paper describes a new approach for intensive rainfall data analysis. ITHACA's Extreme Rainfall Detection System (ERDS) is conceived to provide near real-time alerts related to potential exceptional rainfalls worldwide, which can be used by WFP or other humanitarian assistance organizations to evaluate the event and understand the potentially floodable areas where their assistance is needed. This system is based on precipitation analysis and it uses rainfall data from satellite at worldwide extent. This project uses the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis dataset, a NASA-delivered near real-time product for current rainfall condition monitoring over the world. Considering the great deal of data to process, this paper presents an architectural solution based on Grid Computing techniques. Our focus is on the advantages of using a distributed architecture in terms of performances for this specific purpos

A low cost mobile mapping system (LCMMS) for field data acquisition: a potential use to validate aerial/satellite building damage assessment

Among the major natural disasters that occurred in 2010, the Haiti earthquake was a real turning point concerning the availability, dissemination and licensing of a huge quantity of geospatial data. In a few days several map products based on the analysis of remotely sensed data-sets were delivered to users. This demonstrated the need for reliable methods to validate the increasing variety of open source data and remote sensing-derived products for crisis management, with the aim to correctly spatially reference and interconnect these data with other global digital archives. As far as building damage assessment is concerned, the need for accurate field data to overcome the limitations of both vertical and oblique view satellite and aerial images was evident. To cope with the aforementioned need, a newly developed Low-Cost Mobile Mapping System (LCMMS) was deployed in Port-au-Prince (Haiti) and tested during a five-day survey in FebruaryMarch 2010. The system allows for acquisition of movies and single georeferenced frames by means of a transportable device easily installable (or adaptable) to every type of vehicle. It is composed of four webcams with a total field of view of about 180 degrees and one Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, with the main aim to rapidly cover large areas for effective usage in emergency situations. The main technical features of the LCMMS, the operational use in the field (and related issues) and a potential approach to be adopted for the validation of satellite/aerial building damage assessments are thoroughly described in the articl

Assessment of an Extreme Rainfall Detection System for Flood Prediction over Queensland (Australia)

Flood events represent some of the most catastrophic natural disasters, especially in localities where appropriate measurement instruments and early warning systems are not available. Remotely sensed data can often help to obtain near real-time rainfall information with a global spatial coverage without the limitations that characterize other instruments. In order to achieve this goal, a freely accessible Extreme Rainfall Detection System (ERDS—erds.ithacaweb.org) was developed and implemented by ITHACA with the aim of monitoring and forecasting exceptional rainfall events and providing information in an understandable way for researchers as well as non-specialized users. The near real-time rainfall monitoring is performed by taking advantage of NASA GPM (Global Precipitation Measurement) IMERG (Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for GPM) half-hourly data (one of the most advanced rainfall measurements provided by satellite). This study aims to evaluate ERDS performance in the detection of the extreme rainfall that led to a massive flood event in Queensland (Australia) between January and February 2019. Due to the impressive amount of rainfall that affected the area, Flinders River (one of the longest Australian rivers) overflowed, expanding to a width of tens of kilometers. Several cities were also partially affected and Copernicus Emergency Management Service was activated with the aim of providing an assessment of the impact of the event. In this research, ERDS outputs were validated using both in situ and open source remotely sensed data. Specifically, taking advantage of both NASA MODIS (Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) and Copernicus Sentinel datasets, it was possible to gain a clear look at the full extent of the flood event. GPM data proved to be a reliable source of rainfall information for the evaluation of areas affected by heavy rainfall. By merging these data, it was possible to recreate the dynamics of the event

Rapid Mapping: geomatics role and research opportunities

In recent years an increasing number of extreme meteorological events have been recorded. Geomatics techniques have been historically adopted to support the different phases of the Emergency Management cycle with a main focus on emergency response, initial recovery and preparedness through the acquisition, processing, management and dissemination of geospatial data. In the meantime, the increased availability of geospatial data in terms of reference topographic datasets, made available by authoritative National Mapping Cadastre Agencies or by Collaborative Mapping initiatives like OpenStreetMap, as well as of remotely sensed imagery, poses new challenges to the Geomatics role in defining operational tools and services in support of emergency management activities. This paper is mainly focused on the role of Geomatics in supporting the response phase of the Emergency Management cycle through Rapid Mapping activities, which can be defined as “the on-demand and fast provision (within hours or days) of geospatial information in support of emergency management activities immediately following an emergency event” (source: European Union, http://emergency.copernicus.eu/mapping/ems/service-overview). Management of geospatial datasets (both reference and thematic), Remote Sensing sensors and techniques and spatial information science methodologies applied to Rapid Mapping will be described, with the goal to highlight the role that Geomatics is currently playing in this domain. The major technical requirements, constraints and research opportunities of a Rapid Mapping service will be discussed, with a specific focus on: the time constraints of the service, the data quality requirements, the need to provide replicable products, the need for consistent data models, the advantages of data interoperability, the automation of feature extraction procedures to reduce the need for Computer Aided Photo Interpretation, the dissemination strategies